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Alfred Hugenberg
Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg (19 June 1865 – 12 March 1951) was an influential German businessman and politician. A leading figure in nationalist politics in Germany for the first few decades of the twentieth century, he became the country's leading media proprietor during the inter-war period. As leader of the German National People's Party he was instrumental in helping Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany and served in his first cabinet in 1933, hoping to control Hitler and use him as his "tool."〔Richard J. Evans, ''The Coming of the Third Reich'', Penguin Press, 2004, p. 314〕 Those plans backfired, and by the end of 1933 Hugenberg had been pushed to the sidelines, where he served as a "guest" member of the Reichstag until 1945, wielding no political influence.
==Early years==
Born in Hanover to Carl Hugenberg, a royal Hanoverian official who in 1867 entered the Prussian Landtag as a member of the National Liberal Party, he studied law in Göttingen, Heidelberg, and Berlin, as well as economics in Strassburg.〔Tim Kirk, ''Cassell's Dictionary of Modern German History'', Cassell, 2002, p. 180〕 In 1891, Hugenberg co-founded, along with Karl Peters, the ultra-nationalist General German League and in 1894 its successor movement the Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband).〔 In 1900 Hugenberg married his second cousin, Gertrud Adickes (1868 - 1960).〔Günter Watermeier, ''Politischer Mord und Kriegskultur an der Wiege der Weimarer Republik'', GRIN Verlag, 2007, p. 13〕 At the same time he was also involved in a scheme in the Province of Posen where the Prussian Settlement Commission bought up land from Poles in order to settle ethnic Germans there.〔Louis Leo Snyder, ''Encyclopedia of the Third Reich'', Wordsworth Editions, 1998, p. 177〕 Earlier in 1899 Hugenberg had called for "annihilation of Polish population".〔Sebastian Conrad, ''Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany'', Cambridge University Press, p. 175〕
Hugenberg initially took a role organising agricultural societies before entering the civil service in the Prussian Ministry of Finance in 1903.〔 He left the public sector to pursue a career in business and in 1909 he was appointed chairman of the supervisory board of Krupp Steel and built up a close personal and political relationship with Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach.〔Richard J. Evans, ''The Third Reich in Power'', Penguin Books, 2006, p. 373〕 As well as administering Krupps finance (with considerable success) Hugenberg also set about developing personal business interests from 1916 onwards, including a controlling interest in the national newsmagazine ''Die Gartenlaube''〔 He remained at Krupp until 1918 when he set out to build his own business and during the Great Depression he was able to buy up dozens of local newspapers. These became the basis of his publishing firm Scherl House and, after he added controlling interests in Universum Film AG, Ala-Anzeiger AG, Vera Verlag and the Telegraphen Union, he had a near monopoly on the media which he used to agitate against the Weimar Republic amongst Germany's middle classes.〔Robert Wistrich, ''Who's Who in Nazi Germany'', Bonanza Books, 1984, p. 157〕
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